Tuesday, July 31, 2018

Chesapeake Bay Foundation-PA Names Laurel Spagnolo Director Of Major Giving In PA

The Chesapeake Bay Foundation-PA Tuesday named Laurel Spagnolo Director of Major Giving in Pennsylvania.
“We’re excited to have Laurel on our team,” CBF’s Pennsylvania Executive Director Harry Campbell said. “Her background and experience with so many aspects of development and donor relations will strengthen our efforts to restore and protect Pennsylvania’s rivers and streams.”
As an experienced non-profit manager and professional fundraiser, Spagnolo’s most recent duties with Presbyterian Senior Living in Dillsburg included conducting capital campaigns, cultivating and retaining donors, managing planned giving, coordinating special events, and working with volunteers.
Spagnolo’s background also includes experience while in development positions in Reading and Mechanicsburg.
“I look forward to meeting and connecting with the donors support the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and would like to consider it,” Spagnolo said of her role with CBF. “It will be a pleasure to hear about their interests in saving Pennsylvania waters and the Bay.”
Spagnolo has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Bloomsburg University.
She lives in Carlisle and is Choir Director and Director of Music at Shiremanstown United Methodist Church in Harrisburg.
Spagnolo can be contacted by sending email to: Lspagnolo@cbf.org.
For more on Chesapeake Bay-related issues in Pennsylvania, visit the Chesapeake Bay Foundation-PA webpage.  Click Here to sign up for Pennsylvania updates (bottom of left column).  Click Here to support their work.
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Pike Conservation District Receives Grant To Help Homeowners Understand Water General Permits

Pike County Conservation District received $1,000 to develop an educational brochure that will include a step-by-step guide to help homeowners better understand the process of completing the most common General Permits: GP #2 for Small Docks and GP #3 for Streambank Stabilization.
“This grant funding will allow the conservation district staff to reduce pollution in our communities. Working together, we can all do our part to ensure there is enough clean water for future generations,” said PCCD Executive Director Michele Long.
Education and outreach about the project is expected to begin this fall. The district expects to have the project work begin no later than October 2018.
The grant was one of 26 awarded by the PA Association of Conservation Districts for water pollution reduction education projects.
For more information on technical assistance, funding, programs and upcoming events, visit the Pike County Conservation District website.
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Penn State: Small Amounts Of Pharmaceuticals Found In Northcentral PA Rural Water Wells

By Jeff Mulhollem, Penn State News

Drinking water from wells in rural Northcentral Pennsylvania had low levels of pharmaceuticals, according to a study led by Penn State researchers.
Partnering with volunteers in the Penn State’s Pennsylvania Master Well Owner Network, researchers tested water samples from 26 households with private wells in nine counties in the basin of the West Branch of the Susquehanna River.
All samples were analyzed for seven over-the-counter and prescription pharmaceuticals: acetaminophen, ampicillin, caffeine, naproxen, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.
At least one compound was detected at all sites.
Ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-- antibiotics prescribed for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections-- were the most frequently detected compounds.
Caffeine was detected in approximately half of the samples, while naproxen-- an anti-inflammatory drug used for the management of pain, fever and inflammation-- was not detected in any samples.
"It is now widely known that over-the-counter and prescription medications are routinely present at detectable levels in surface and groundwater bodies," said Heather Gall, assistant professor of agricultural and biological engineering, whose research group in the Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences conducted the study. "The presence of these emerging contaminants has raised both environmental and public health concerns, particularly when these water supplies are used as drinking water sources."
The good news, Gall pointed out, is that the concentrations of the pharmaceuticals in groundwater sampled were extremely low-- at parts per billion levels.
However, given that sampling with the Master Well Owner Network only occurred once, the frequency of occurrence, range of concentrations and potential health risks are not yet well understood, especially for these private groundwater supplies.
The researchers used a simple modeling approach based on the pharmaceuticals' physicochemical parameters-- degradation rates and sorption factors-- to provide insight into the differences in frequency of detection for the target pharmaceuticals, noted lead researcher Faith Kibuye, who will graduate with a doctoral degree in biorenewable systems next year.
She explained that calculations revealed that none of the concentrations observed in the groundwater wells posed any significant human health risk, with risk quotients that are well below the minimal value.
However, the risk assessment does not address the potential effect of exposure to mixtures of pharmaceuticals that are likely present in water simultaneously, she said.
For example, as many as six of the analyzed pharmaceuticals were detected in some groundwater samples.
"There remains a major concern that even at low concentrations, pharmaceuticals could interact together and influence the biochemical functioning of the human body, so even at very low concentrations they might have some kind of synergistic effect," Kibuye said. "We only analyzed for seven pharmaceuticals but the chances are that there may have been many more."
The findings of the research-- which Kibuye will presented Tuesday at the annual meeting of the American Association of Agricultural and Biological Engineers in Detroit-- should be of interest the world over because groundwater is a critical supply of drinking water globally.
It is estimated that half of the population accesses potable water from groundwater aquifers. In the United States, approximately 13 million households use private wells as their drinking water source, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
In Pennsylvania, approximately one-third of the residents receive their drinking water from private groundwater wells, Penn State Extension surveys show.
It is common for homeowners with private wells to also have septic tanks on their properties for treatment of their wastewater.
And while septic tanks are generally installed downgradient of the well, it is possible that contaminant from septic systems can impact well-water quality, especially if the septic systems are not maintained or were improperly installed.
"While common contaminant issues include fecal coliform, E. coli and nitrate, pharmaceuticals and other compounds of emerging concern pose potential threats to well water quality," Kibuye said. "Pharmaceuticals that are incompletely degraded in septic tanks and leaching fields can therefore travel with wastewater plumes and impact groundwater, potentially making septic systems important point sources to surrounding domestic groundwater sources."
Also involved in the research at Penn State were Herschel Elliott, professor of agricultural and biological engineering; John Watson, professor of soil science/soil physics; and Bryan Swistock, senior extension associate in water resources; and Kyle Elkin, analytical chemist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
The Pennsylvania Sea Grant funded this study.
Heather Gall can be contacted by sending email to: heg12@psu.edu or calling 814-863-1817.
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(Reprinted from Penn State News.)

DEP: Mosquito Spraying Set For Schuylkill County On August 2

The Department of Environmental Protection’s West Nile Virus Program Tuesday announced it will conduct a mosquito control operation to reduce high populations of mosquitoes on Thursday, August 2 in portions of Cressona and Schuylkill Haven Boroughs, Schuylkill County.
Truck mounted Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spray equipment will be utilized to spray Duet applied at a rate of 1.0 oz/acre. This product is designed to provide quick knockdown and effective control of adult mosquitoes. The control work will begin late in the evening.
Weather conditions and other unexpected events (such as lowered mosquito populations) could delay or cancel this spray operation. The rain date for this application is Monday, August 6.
DEP reported West Nile Virus was found in 48 counties of-- Adams, Allegheny, Beaver, Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bucks, Cambria, Carbon, Centre, Chester, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Cumberland, Dauphin, Delaware, Elk, Erie, Fayette, Forest, Franklin, Fulton, Greene, Huntingdon, Indiana, Juniata, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lawrence, Lebanon, Lehigh, Luzerne, Lycoming, Mercer, Montgomery, Montour, Northampton, Northumberland, Philadelphia, Schuylkill, Snyder, Somerset, Union, Washington, Westmoreland, Wyoming and York.
So far there have been no human cases of West Nile Virus, but the almost perfect wet weather for mosquitoes has resulted over 790 positive mosquito and avian samples.
The control work will begin late in the evening, between the hours of 8:00  and 11:00 p.m., and the route boundaries will include Quarry Street to the west, Chestnut Street to the east, Clay Avenue to the south, N. Geary Street to the northwest, and the intersection of Slope Hill Road and Depot Street to the northeast.
Truck mounted Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spray equipment will be utilized to spray Duet applied at a rate of .75 oz/acre. This product is designed to provide quick knockdown and effective control of adult mosquitoes. The control work will begin late in the evening.
Weather conditions and other unexpected events (such as lowered mosquito populations) could delay or cancel this spray operation. The rain date for this application is Monday, July 9, 2018.  
Certain mosquito species carry the West Nile virus, which can cause humans to contract West Nile encephalitis, an infection that can result in an inflammation of the brain. According to the Department of Health, all residents in areas where virus activity has been identified are at risk of contracting West Nile encephalitis.
Individuals can take a number of precautionary measures around their homes to help eliminate mosquito-breeding areas, including:
-- Dispose of cans, buckets, plastic containers, ceramic pots, or similar containers that hold water.
-- Properly dispose of discarded tires that can collect water. Stagnant water is where most mosquitoes breed.
-- Drill holes in the bottom of outdoor recycling containers.
-- Have clogged roof gutters cleaned every year as the leaves from surrounding trees have a tendency to plug drains.
-- Turn over plastic wading pools when not in use.
-- Turn over wheelbarrows and don't let water stagnate in birdbaths.
-- Aerate ornamental pools or stock them with fish.
-- Clean and chlorinate swimming pools not in use and remove any water that may collect on pool covers.
If a resident has stagnant pools of water on their property, they can buy Bti (short for Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis) products at lawn and garden, outdoor supply, home improvement and other stores. This naturally occurring bacterium kills mosquito larvae, but is safe for people, pets, aquatic life and plants.
Additionally, these simple precautions can prevent mosquito bites, particularly for people who are most at risk:
-- Make sure screens fit tightly over doors and windows to keep mosquitoes out of homes.
-- Consider wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants and socks when outdoors, particularly when mosquitoes are most active at dawn and dusk, or in areas known for having large numbers of mosquitoes.
-- When possible, reduce outdoor exposure at dawn and dusk during peak mosquito periods, usually April through October.
-- Use insect repellents according to the manufacturer's instructions. An effective repellent will contain DEET, picardin, or lemon eucalyptus oil. Consult with a pediatrician or family physician for questions about the use of repellent on children, as repellent is not recommended for children under the age of two months.
For more information about West Nile virus and the state's surveillance and control program, please visit the West Nile Virus website.
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Electric Service Reliability Report Notes Record Number Of Storm Outages In 2017

A record-high number of “reportable outage events” impacted electric utility customers across Pennsylvania during 2017, according to the latest Electric Service Reliability Report, released Tuesday by the Public Utility Commission.
The annual report details performance benchmarks and standards for the state’s 11 electric distribution companies, including Citizens’ Electric, Duquesne Light, Metropolitan Edison, PECO, Pennsylvania Electric, Pennsylvania Power, Pike County Light & Power, PPL Electric Utilities, UGI Utilities, Wellsboro Electric and West Penn Power.
According to the report, there were 50 reportable outage events during 2017-- the highest number since PUC began collecting data in 1993, and a substantial increase from the previous year, when only 20 outage events were reported.
The size and scope of those storms is also noteworthy, with 2017 storms disrupting power to 1.3 million customers – which is nearly twice the figure for 2016 and more than double the 2015 total.
Under the Public Utility Code, an outage event is a service disruption involving 5 percent of total customers or 2,500 customers, whichever is less, for six or more consecutive hours.
Nearly all the 2017 outage events were triggered by severe spring and summer thunderstorms, which brought extremely high winds and heavy rain.
This is different from previous spikes in outage figures that were driven by a small number of high-impact storms like Hurricanes Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012), or Winter Storm Nika (2014).
Tree Maintenance
The continuing reliability challenge posed by trees, including trees located outside the utility right-of-way, is noted in the report – as is the impact of increased storm activity.  
Overall, approximately 50 percent of the total minutes of service interruptions during 2017 were attributed to fallen trees or tree limbs-- 400 million customer-minutes of service interruptions, impacting over 2 million customers.
Recommendations offered by the PUC’s Electric Service Reliability Report include enhanced tree cutting and trimming-related initiatives; the accelerated replacement of aging infrastructure; and implementation of a new formalized and sustainable reliability improvement initiative to promote operational excellence.
Reliability improvement initiatives were originally developed successfully for high-voltage transmission system operations in areas such as reliability, resilience, security, human performance, equipment performance and asset management, operating experience exchange and superior practices, and continuous performance improvement processes and training.
The specific recommendations related to tree maintenance include--
-- Consider a call for legislative relief that will grant utility companies the authority to remove or trim danger trees that are off their existing right-of-way. Such relief could be the ability to establish a wider right-of-way or allow utilities the authority to trim or remove trees that can potentially fall onto power conductors.
-- Local authorities and counties could work with EDCs to be more proactive identifying and removing danger trees that are diseased or leaning that can fall onto roadway.
-- EDCs and stakeholders could develop a partnership on a long-term program to ensure only the “right tree in the right place” can be planted within 60 feet of primary electrical conductors.
-- Stakeholders could work together on removing dense/mature tree growth entangled in communication lines.
-- Landowners should be more proactive in removing diseased or leaning trees near roadways.
Click Here for a copy of the Reliability Report.
[Note: Each utility has a vegetation management program related to its power lines. If you have questions, contact them directly. Click Here for links to utility websites.]
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Invasive Asian Longhorn Tick Confirmed In PA, State Urges Precautions To Protect People, Livestock, Pets

The departments of Agriculture and Health Tuesday announced tests by the National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa have confirmed the presence of Asian, or longhorn tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in Pennsylvania.
An invasive species that congregates in large numbers and can cause anemia in livestock, the tick was discovered on a wild deer in Centre County.
It is known to carry several diseases that infect hogs and cattle in Asia. So far, ticks examined in the U.S. do not carry any infectious pathogens.
Easily confused with other tick species, including the rabbit tick, which is common in the Eastern U.S., the species’ distinctive “horns” may not be visible without a microscope.
The Asian tick infests host animals in dense clusters of numerous ticks. Female Asian ticks reproduce asexually, so a single tick can reproduce and lay 2,000 eggs after feeding on a host. Cattle, pets, small mammals, birds and humans are all potential hosts.
“Even experts have difficulty distinguishing among tick species, so it is important to take precautions to protect pets, livestock and family members from becoming a host for ticks of any kind,” State Veterinarian Dr. David Wolfgang urged. “Scientists don’t yet know how this species will adapt to the North American climate and animal hosts, but we know it survived New Jersey’s winter and has infested sheep and cattle in this region.”
“The discovery of the longhorn tick is another reminder of the importance of tick prevention for Pennsylvanians,” Secretary of Health Dr. Rachel Levine said. “Ticks can be found in your own backyard, so it is essential to wear long sleeves and pants, use insect repellant containing DEET to help keep you safe from ticks and the diseases they carry. It is also important to check yourself and your pets for ticks, as pets can bring ticks indoors.”
Native to East and Central Asia, the tick was originally identified in the U.S. in New Jersey, where it was found in large numbers in sheep in Mercer County in 2017. It has also been found in Arkansas, New Jersey, New York, West Virginia and Virginia.
Wolfgang recommends examining animals on a regular basis, and checking for ticks after being outside to prevent tick bites and disease transmission.
Livestock producers and pet owners should consult their veterinarians to develop tick prevention and control appropriate to their specific animals.
To reduce tick habitat, maintain a nine-foot distance between lawn or pasture and wooded areas, keep grass height low, and remove weeds and brush bordering wooded areas.
Visit the Department of Health’s Lyme Disease webpage for tips on tick prevention.
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John Arway, Executive Director Of The Fish & Boat Commission, To Retire In November

Fish and Boat Commission Executive Director John Arway Tuesday announced he will be retiring on November 2 after 38 years of service to the Commission.
He made the announcement in a statement to members of the Commission Board and PFBC staff.  It said, in part--
Retired friends have told me that you will know when the time has come to retire.  I now understand. I have advised Board leadership that I will be retiring from the position of Executive Director of the PA Fish and Boat Commission effective 02 November 2018.
I would like to take this opportunity to inform the Board of Commissioners, Boating Advisory Board members and fellow PFBC staff of my planned retirement.
Today’s announcement should provide the Board sufficient time to conduct the necessary search for qualified individuals and appoint someone before my departure.
I have advised President Hussar that I will do everything I can to make the transition to a new Director as simple as possible.
I have been with the agency for over 38 years, during which time I have had many motivating and rewarding experiences.
Working for the PFBC has been a privilege, nothing less.  
Never did I think, back in the fall of 1979 when I stopped by the PFBC’s Pleasant Gap Office and visited with Jack Miller and Ronni Tibbott to discuss a possible semi-skilled laborer position working on fish habitat projects, that I would wake up 38 years later as the retiring Executive Director of an agency I always respected and admired.  
I would like to thank all of the people both inside and outside the agency for their support and assistance over the years. I have worked with the best of the best.  
I feel truly blessed to have been able to serve by your sides while we worked to protect, conserve and enhance our Commonwealth’s aquatic resources and provide Commonwealth anglers and boaters with first class fishing and boating opportunities.  
Our list of accomplishments is long and will remembered in the next history book as our legacy in the proud tradition of the second oldest fish or wildlife agency in the nation.  Bravo Zulu!
When Commission President Tom Shetterly called and offered me the job as Executive Director over eight years ago, the vision I had of the position was soon replaced by the reality of the unusual blend of politics, science, state and national public policy, economics, and social media and personal interactions with anglers and boaters all across the Commonwealth.  
My only regret is that I failed to achieve a sustainable future for the agency and its programs.  
The plan we created eight years ago put us on course to control our own destiny.  We executed painful cuts across programs to be able to the pay rising expenses of government.  We saved sufficient revenues to be able to sustain operations until others provide funding to satisfy the public service demands of a government business.  
I leave the agency in good hands and am confident that the Board and PFBC staff will maintain the courage and resolve to continue to do the right things for the right reasons for not only the current generation of PA anglers and boaters but more importantly for generations yet to come.  
The plan for the future should include the defense of agency independence, living within our means and not spending more than we earn.  This simple formula will insure continued agency success far into the future.
I know that my leaving will present challenges for a new director but will also create opportunities.  
I am preparing plans for my replacement that outline in detail each step that is needed to complete the tasks at hand.
I will also be available to assist my replacement in an orderly transition in any way that I can.
During my retirement, I will be enjoying the bounties provided by Penn’s waters and woods.  I may even stray outside our state border from time to time to see if the grass is really greener in other places.  
I will remain available for advice, counsel or friendly discussion in case there is anything I can do to assist you or the agency.  
I’ll be spending more time in a town called Lynch in the middle of the Allegheny National Forest.  
It’s the camp with the green metal roof and I’ll be the one sitting by the campfire surrounded by an army of grandkids roasting marshmallows and identifying constellations in the night sky.  
To fulfill a life’s dream and begin a new journey spending time with family and friends, I am truly grateful.
Thank you all very much for the wonderful memories. I look forward to following the continued successes of this great agency.  
It has been a true privilege and honor to end my professional career as the Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission.  Carpe diem!
Your Director,
John
Do Your Duty And Fear No One... R.W. Abele
Reaction
Former DEP Secretary David Hess congratulated Mr. Arway on his leadership and tenure at the Fish and Boat Commission, saying, “John Arway has been and will no doubt continue to be a forceful advocate for aquatic resources in the Commonwealth.  He follows in the footsteps of Pennsylvania’s first environmentalists-- our anglers and hunters-- and very much in the mould of his mentor Ralph W. Abele.  He will be missed at his post, but not forgotten.  Our streams, rivers and watersheds were made better by his work.”
PennFuture President and CEO Jacquelyn Bonomo issued this statement on Arway’s retirement--  “Director Arway has followed in a line of executives who have endeavored to put our fisheries first, as guided by science, and this approach will now become a part of his legacy.
“Pennsylvania has 86,000 miles of streams, second only to Alaska, which makes clean water and fisheries an asset to the Commonwealth. At the end of the day, those responsible for protecting these assets need the resources to do their jobs.
“The problem is not going away with Arway’s departure. This is an issue that is now being queued up for his successor, but it’s not an issue that is going away.
“For 13 years, the legislature has refused to consider and approve license fee increases so the commission can do the work of scientifically managing our fisheries, providing excellent recreation experiences and protecting rare and endangered species.
“A growing and diverse number of Pennsylvanians from our cities to rural areas love fishing. For the sake of these folks and clean water, it’s time for the legislature’s attacks on Director Arway to be set aside and for elected officials to get back to doing the work of the people.”
Additional Background
Since taking the helm of the Fish and Boat Commission in March 2010, Executive Director John Arway has worked tirelessly to raise public awareness of the plight of the Susquehanna River and to seek remedies for fixing it.
Once considered one of the country’s top smallmouth bass fisheries, the mighty Susquehanna River has struggled since 2005 to produce viable young of year smallmouth classes.
In fall 2011, this troubling trend took on an added dimension, with adult smallmouth bass displaying unhealthy lesions.
With support from various organizations, including the Susquehanna River School, PennFuture, the National Wildlife Federation, the PA Federation of Sportsmen’s Clubs, the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, American Rivers and PA Trout Unlimited, Director Arway has repeatedly petitioned the state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to place the river on the list of “impaired” waters and start the process of cleaning up the river.
Director Arway has experienced the decline of the fishery firsthand. A scientist by training, he has spent more than 36 years working for the Commission in various roles. As a lifelong angler, he has fished the Susquehanna since the early 1980’s.
At that time, it was common for anglers to catch 50-100 smallmouth bass in an evening. Sadly, many anglers now report catching only a handful on a good day.
Since others have chosen not to act on behalf of the Susquehanna’s smallmouth bass, Director Arway created the Save Our Susquehanna fundraising campaign to raise funds for PFBC staff to work with cooperative farmers on habitat improvement projects one farm at a time to improve the water quality of the river.
Throughout the country, fish and wildlife agencies face a similar challenge of retaining participants in their sport and attracting new ones.
Director Arway has met this challenge by initiating a marketing program to highlight the sport to enthusiasts and novices, to men and to women, to adults and to children, to families and friends.
The first initiative was launched Dec. 1, 2012, when the Commission began to offer 3- and 5-year fishing licenses. As an added incentive, anglers who purchase a multi-year license also receive an online, digital subscription to the Commission’s flagship publication, Angler & Boater magazine.
A separate website – www.GoneFishingPa.com – offers additional benefits. Anglers can enter a sweepstakes to win guided fishing trips and get access to numerous coupons for free goods, cost savings and discounts.
Director Arway achieved one of his ultimate goals of reducing the price of a fishing license in the 2015 license year. The intent was to attract lapsed anglers to return to the sport and encourage others who don’t fish to try the sport of fishing.
Director Arway has tirelessly advocated multiple efforts to create alternative funding sources for the agency.
These include a fee on the consumptive use of water and a portion of the state sales tax generated from fishing and boating.
Under his direction, the Commission launched a Natural Gas and Water Access Program, which secures revenues from selling natural gas from under Commission property and from leasing rights to withdraw water from Commission Property.
As the PFBC’s Chief Executive Officer, he manages and operates the agency like a business and uses business principles and government rules to manage and allocate funds to our Commonwealth’s aquatic resources and provide recreational fishing and boating opportunities.
Because many Commonwealth issues – such as the health of the Susquehanna River and the restoration of American shad – have impacts beyond state borders, the Commission benefits from participation on boards and committees at the national level.
Director Arway keeps Commonwealth issues at the forefront of national discussions by representing the inland states on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s (USFWS) Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council; by serving on the Executive Committee of the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA); chairing the AFWA Angling/Boating Participation Committe3; chairing AFWA’s Technical Workgroup for the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation; and serving as Past President of the Northeast Fish and Wildlife Agencies and the Northeast Division.
He is also a member of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission and the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council.
A native of North Huntingdon, Mr. Arway holds a bachelor’s degree in biology from the University of Pittsburgh and a master’s degree in aquatic biology from Tennessee Technological University.
He holds memberships in numerous organizations, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science; American Fisheries Society (Past President of the Northeastern Division and Pennsylvania Chapter); North American Benthological Society; Ducks Unlimited; Pheasants Forever; BASS; the SONS of Lake Erie; National Wildlife Federation and life member of the Pennsylvania Federation of Sportsmen’s Clubs, National Trout Unlimited (Lloyd Wilson Chapter) and the Conservation Officers of Pennsylvania.
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